How To Switch From 32-Bit Windows 10 To 64-Bit Windows 10

Microsoft offers Windows 10 as a free upgrade for computers running a genuine copy of Windows 7 or Windows 8.1. Also, similar to previous releases, the operating system is available on different editions and two versions: 32-bit and 64-bit.While upgrading from Windows 10 Home to Windows 10 Pro is not free, what many people are unfamiliar with is that Microsoft won't ask for more money to upgrade from a 32-bit to a 64-bit version.

However, the upgrade path only allows moving from a qualifying version to its equivalent edition on the same architecture. This limit means that if your PC is running a 32-bit version of Windows 8.1, after the upgrade you'll be stuck with the 32-bit version of Windows 10 — even if your computer's processor can handle the 64-bit version. The only solution is to make a clean installation of the operating system and reconfigure all your apps and settings.

In this Windows 10 guide, we'll walk you through the steps to verify whether your computer in fact includes support for a 64-bit version and we'll guide you through the upgrade process to Windows 10 (x64).

Make sure Windows 10 64-bit is compatible with your PC

A 64-bit version of Windows can only be installed on computers with capable hardware. As such, the first thing you need to do is to determine whether your computer has a 64-bit processor.

You can easily get this information from the Settings app.

1. Use the Windows key + I keyboard shortcut to open the Settings app.
2. Click System.
3. Click About.
4. Under System type, you will see two pieces of information: if it says 32-bit operating system, x64-based processor, then it means that your PC is running a 32-bit version of Windows 10 on a 64-bit processor. If it says 32-bit operating system, x86-based processor, then your computer doesn't support Windows 10 (64-bit).

Make Sure Your Processor is 64-bit Capable

First thing's first. Before even thinking of upgrading to 64-bit Windows, you'll need to confirm that the CPU in your computer is 64-bit capable. To do so, head to Settings > System > About. On the right-hand side of the window, look for the "System type" entry.

You'll see one of three things here:

• 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor. Your CPU does support 64-bit and you already have the 64-bit version of Windows installed.
• 32-bit operating system, x86-based processor. Your CPU does not support 64-bit and you have the 32-bit version of Windows installed.
• 32-bit operating system, x64-based processor. Your CPU supports 64-bit, but you have the 32-bit version of Windows installed.

If you see the first entry on your system, you don't really need this article. If you see the second entry, you won't be able to install the 64-bit version of Windows on your system at all. But if you see the last entry on your system—"32-bit operating system, x64-based processor"—then you're in luck. This means you're using a 32-bit version of Windows 10 but your CPU can run a 64-bit version, so if you see it, it's time to move on to the next section.
Make Sure Your PC's Hardware Has 64-bit Drivers Available

Even if your processor is 64-bit compatible, you might want to consider whether your computer's hardware will work properly with a 64-bit version of Windows. 64-bit versions of Windows require 64-bit hardware drivers, and the 32-bit versions you're using on your current Windows 10 system won't work.

Modern hardware should certainly offer 64-bit drivers, but very old hardware may no longer be supported and the manufacturer may have never offered 64-bit drivers. To check for this, you can visit the manufacturer's driver download web pages for your hardware and see if 64-bit drivers are available. You shouldn't necessarily need to download these from the manufacturer's website, though. They are likely included with Windows 10 or automatically will be downloaded from Windows Update. But old hardware—for example, a particularly ancient printer—simply may not offer 64-bit drivers.

Upgrade by Performing a Clean Install

You'll need to perform a clean install to get to the 64-bit version of Windows 10 from the 32-bit one. Unfortunately, there's no direct upgrade path.

Warning: Back up your important files before continuing and also make sure you have what you need to reinstall your programs. This process will wipe your whole hard disk, including Windows, installed programs, and personal files.

First, if you haven't upgraded to Windows 10 yet, you'll need to use the upgrade tool to upgrade. You'll get the 32-bit version of Windows 10 if you were previously using a 32-bit version of Windows 7 or 8.1. But the upgrade process will give your PC a Windows 10 license. After upgrading, be sure to check that your current 32-bit version of Windows 10 is activated under Settings > Update & security > Activation.

Once you're using an activated version of the 32-bit Windows 10, download the Windows 10 media creation tool from Microsoft. If you're using the 32-bit version of Windows 10 at the moment, you'll have to download and run the 32-bit tool.

When you run the tool, select "Create installation media for another PC" and use the tool to create a USB drive or burn a disc with Windows 10. As you click through the wizard, you'll be asked whether you want to create 32-bit or 64-bit installation media. Select the "64-bit (x64)" architecture.

Next, restart your computer (you did back everything up, right?) and boot from the installation media. Install the 64-bit Windows 10, selecting "Custom install" and overwriting your current version of Windows. When you're asked to insert a product key, skip the process and continue. You'll have to skip two of these prompts in total. After you reach the desktop, Windows 10 will automatically check in with Microsoft and activate itself. You'll now be running the 64-bit edition of Windows on your PC.

If you want to go back to the 32-bit version of Windows, you'll need to download the media creation tool—the 64-bit version, if you're running the 64-bit version of Windows 10—and use it to create 32-bit installation media. Boot from that installation media and do another clean install—this time installing the 32-bit version over the 64-bit version.

Final Words :

Finally, you are aware of the way through which you could be able to switch from the 32-bit windows to 64-bit windows really easily. There will be no difference in the functions or the working of the windows yet the only change that you will get is the more advanced architecture that is compatible with numerous high-end apps. If you are thinking to switch your windows to the 64-bit version then make sure you first check for your hardware compatibility. Hopefully, you would have liked the information of this post, please share this post with others if you really liked it. Provide us your valuable views regarding this post through using the comments section below. At last nevertheless thanks for reading this post!

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Files Download Information

After 7 years of Contagio existence, Google Safe Browsing services notified Mediafire (hoster of Contagio and Contagiominidump files) that "harmful" content is hosted on my Mediafire account.

It is harmful only if you harm your own pc and but not suitable for distribution or infecting unsuspecting users but I have not been able to resolve this with Google and Mediafire.

Mediafire suspended public access to Contagio account.

The file hosting will be moved.

If you need any files now, email me the posted Mediafire links (address in profile) and I will pull out the files and share via other methods.

P.S. I have not been able to resolve "yet" because it just happened today, not because they refuse to help.  I don't want to affect Mediafire safety reputation and most likely will have to move out this time.

The main challenge is not to find hosting, it is not difficult and I can pay for it, but the effort move all files and fix the existing links on the Blogpost, and there are many. I planned to move out long time ago but did not have time for it. If anyone can suggest how to change all Blogspot links in bulk, I will be happy.


P.P.S. Feb. 24 - The files will be moved to a Dropbox Business account and shared from there (Dropbox team confirmed they can host it )  

The transition will take some time, so email me links to what you need. 

Thank you all
M

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C++ Std::Condition_Variable Null Pointer Derreference

This story is about a bug generated by g++ and clang compilers (at least)
The condition_variables is a feature on the standard library of c++ (libstdc++), when its compiled statically a weird asm code is generated.


Any example on the link below will crash if its compiled statically:
 https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread/condition_variable

In this case the condition_variable.wait() crashed, but this happens with other methods, a simple way to trigger it:

If this program is compiled dynamically the crash doesn't occur:

Looking the dissasembly there is a surprise created by the compiler:

Compilers:
    g++  9.2.1+20200130-2
    clang++ v9

Both compilers are generating the "call 0x00"

If we check this call in a dynamic compiled:

The implementation of condition_variable in github:
https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/b7c9bd36eaacac42631b882dc67a6f0db94de21c/libstdc%2B%2B-v3/include/std/condition_variable

The compilers can't copile well this code in static,  and same happens on  other condition_variable methods.
I would say the _lock is being assembled improperly in static, is not exacly a null pointer derreference but the effects are the same, executing code at address 0x00 which on linux is a crash on most of cases.

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Odysseus

"Odysseus is a tool designed for testing the security of web applications. Odysseus is a proxy server, which acts as a man-in-the-middle during an HTTP session. A typical HTTP proxy will relay packets to and from a client browser and a web server. Odysseus will intercept an HTTP session's data in either direction and give the user the ability to alter the data before transmission. For example, during a normal HTTP SSL connection a typical proxy will relay the session between the server and the client and allow the two end nodes to negotiate SSL. In contrast, when in intercept mode, Odysseus will pretend to be the server and negotiate two SSL sessions, one with the client browser and another with the web server." read more...

Download: http://www.bindshell.net/tools/odysseus

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APT Calypso RAT, Flying Dutchman Samples

Reference

2019-10-31 Calypso APT: new group attacking state institutions

 Attackers exploit Windows SMB vulnerability CVE-2017-0143 or use stolen credentials to gain access, deploy the custom Calypso RAT and use it to upload other tools such as Mimikatz, EternalBlue and EternalRomance. They move laterally and steal data.

Download

             Other malware

Download. Email me if you need the password (see in my profile)

Hashes

MD5	SHA256	SHA1	Filename	File Tyee	Stage
aa1cf5791a60d56f7ae6da9bb1e7f01e	d5afa3bfd423ba060207ad025467feaa56ac53d13616ac8782a7f63c9fc0fdb4	bdd8b9115d1ae536d0ea1e62052485e5ad10761f	MPSSVC.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Payload
1e765fed294a7ad082169819c95d2c85	f6a09372156a8aef96576627a1ed9e57f194b008bb77e32ca29ac89505f933f0	60dda7ccd9ae00701046923b619a1b9c33c8e2ac	Wscntfy.exe	pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
17e05041730dcd0732e5b296db16d757	b6c21c26aef75ad709f6c9cfa84bfa15b7ee709588382ce4bc3544a04bceb661	f3301405d8ad5b160747241d6b2a8d88bf6292e8		pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
1ed72c14c4aab3b66e830e16ef90b37b	eebff21def49af4e85c26523af2ad659125a07a09db50ac06bd3746483c89f9d	dc0d0a34f107d140d9e47582e17a7fec945403ea	coal.exe	pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
e24a62d9826869bc4817366800a8805c	c407c3dde18c9b56ed24492ca257d77a570616074356b8c7854a080823f7ee17	53791c9e7c41931a6becb999fee4eb7daf9b1a11	data01.bin	pe dll	Calypso RAT Dropper
c9c39045fa14e94618dd631044053824	ab39301d45045172ad41c9a89210fdc6f0d3f9dccb567fd733b0dbffbfcfbcc3	1cda28bc307c09508dbb1f3495a967bbcc29326e		pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
69322703b8ef9d490a20033684c28493	e6a3b43acdaa824f3280095b10798ea341839f7d43f0460df8989f13c98fa6e0	f203680d97705d99f92fe9797691be6177f5fd41	RasCon.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Dropper
85ce60b365edf4beebbdd85cc971e84d	5dfdee5dd680948d19ab4d16df534cf10aca5fa0b157c59659d6517fe897c62f	d9c14f7b6de8e26ae33e41a72ae8e35bb1af4434		pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
6347e42f49a86aff2dea7c8bf455a52a	281583aca23f8fd8745dd88a600cbfc578d819859a13957ec022b86c3c1c99f4	8b2a81af85590e0e36efc1c05aa4f0600ea21545	HIDMgr.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Dropper
cb914fc73c67b325f948dd1bf97f5733	0031c7b63c1e1cd36d55f585d97e2b21a13a19858d5a1aa5455e5cc64b41e6e9	37ce4d0a3168e3b2f80b3fae38082e68a454aee0		pe exe	Calypso RAT Dropper
c84df4b2cd0d3e7729210f15112da7ac	4e8351ddaff18f7df6fcc27a3c75598e0c56d3b406818d45effb4e78616092c2	41a0c5a1aad36f405c8755613c732591e3300f97	mscorsvw.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Dropper
5199ef9d086c97732d97eddef56591ec	511683c8ee62478c2b45be1f782ce678bbe03c4349a1778651414803010b3ee9	d19a786adc09dff84642f2c2e0386193fa2a914b	dnscache.dll	pe dll	FlyingDutchman
06c1d7bf234ce99bb14639c194b3b318	a9a82099aa812d0c4025bee2b34f3b34c1d102773e36f1d50648815913dbe03d	464ab9e11d371bf24de46c98c295d4afe7e957c1	fromResource.exe	pedll	FlyingDutchman
617d588eccd942f243ffa8cb13679d9c	0664b09a86ec2df7dfe01a93e184a1fa23df66ea82cab39000944e418ec1f7b2	1b043fdcb582ed13cbf7dabcef6527762b5be93c		pe dll	Hussar
2807236c2d905a0675878e530ed8b1f8	314e438198f8cc2ee393c75f8e9f2ebd2b5133fd6f2b7deb1178f82782fc6330	2f6fe857632a67e87f4f3631bfa93713ccdf168a	AeLookupMgr.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Payload
cce8c8ee42feaed68e9623185c3f7fe4	38cc404437b936660066b71cc87a28af1995248d6d4c471706eb1dd347129b4b	9d2235c911b86bb6ad55d953a2f56ea78c5478e5	AppCert.dll.crt		Calypso RAT Payload
e1a578a069b1910a25c95e2d9450c710	413622ded5d344a5a78de4fea22cfdabdeb4cdccf69e9a1f58f668096c324738	36087a5b0809dc3f9dc5a77355a88e99af491a88	RasCfgMan.dll.crt		Calypso RAT Payload
0d532484193b8b098d7eb14319cefcd3	f8043d6bfc3e63d8561f7f74e65cb7ff1731577ecf6c7559795d9de21298f0fc	31f4c6dc6ce78b4e0439b30c830dfd5d9a3fc4fe	RasCfgMan.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Payload
974298eb7e2adfa019cae4d1a927ab07	0461710e681fd6dc9f1c83b57f94a88cd6df9e6432174cbfdd70dfd24577a0f8	41bc37679ce3caeecc176d10b4f8259918e25807	VirtualUMP.dll.crt		Calypso RAT Payload
05f472a9d926f4c8a0a372e1a7193998	8017923cd8169bf951106f053408b425f1eb310a9421685638ead55bb3823db3	8d909bd3450ebe0cffd0cb17b91bc28d23ef5083	EFSProvider.dll.crt		Calypso RAT Payload
d1a1166bec950c75b65fdc7361dcdc63	f3f38c097b0cc5337b7d2dbec098bf6d0a3bb4a3e0336e7b1c8af75268a0a49d	5731350f68a74fb4762c4ea878ecff635588a825	RasCon.dll	pe dll 64bits assembly	Calypso RAT Payload
e3e61f30f8a39cd7aa25149d0f8af5ef	c4dc7519bccc24c53794bf9178e4a4d0823875c34479d01cedbb3e9b10f5c730	1b75ea494c3ac171c5177bdcc263b89a3f24f207	MPSSVC.dll	pe dll	Calypso RAT Payload

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How Do I Get Started With Bug Bounty ?

How do I get started with bug bounty hunting? How do I improve my skills?



These are some simple steps that every bug bounty hunter can use to get started and improve their skills:

Learn to make it; then break it!
A major chunk of the hacker's mindset consists of wanting to learn more. In order to really exploit issues and discover further potential vulnerabilities, hackers are encouraged to learn to build what they are targeting. By doing this, there is a greater likelihood that hacker will understand the component being targeted and where most issues appear. For example, when people ask me how to take over a sub-domain, I make sure they understand the Domain Name System (DNS) first and let them set up their own website to play around attempting to "claim" that domain.

Read books. Lots of books.
One way to get better is by reading fellow hunters' and hackers' write-ups. Follow /r/netsec and Twitter for fantastic write-ups ranging from a variety of security-related topics that will not only motivate you but help you improve. For a list of good books to read, please refer to "What books should I read?".

Join discussions and ask questions.
As you may be aware, the information security community is full of interesting discussions ranging from breaches to surveillance, and further. The bug bounty community consists of hunters, security analysts, and platform staff helping one and another get better at what they do. There are two very popular bug bounty forums: Bug Bounty Forum and Bug Bounty World.

Participate in open source projects; learn to code.
Go to https://github.com/explore or https://gitlab.com/explore/projects and pick a project to contribute to. By doing so you will improve your general coding and communication skills. On top of that, read https://learnpythonthehardway.org/ and https://linuxjourney.com/.

Help others. If you can teach it, you have mastered it.
Once you discover something new and believe others would benefit from learning about your discovery, publish a write-up about it. Not only will you help others, you will learn to really master the topic because you can actually explain it properly.

Smile when you get feedback and use it to your advantage.
The bug bounty community is full of people wanting to help others so do not be surprised if someone gives you some constructive feedback about your work. Learn from your mistakes and in doing so use it to your advantage. I have a little physical notebook where I keep track of the little things that I learnt during the day and the feedback that people gave me.


Learn to approach a target.
The first step when approaching a target is always going to be reconnaissance — preliminary gathering of information about the target. If the target is a web application, start by browsing around like a normal user and get to know the website's purpose. Then you can start enumerating endpoints such as sub-domains, ports and web paths.

A woodsman was once asked, "What would you do if you had just five minutes to chop down a tree?" He answered, "I would spend the first two and a half minutes sharpening my axe."
As you progress, you will start to notice patterns and find yourself refining your hunting methodology. You will probably also start automating a lot of the repetitive tasks.

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S2 Dynamic Tracer And Decompiler For Gdb

Decompiling is very useful for understanding srtipped binaries, most dissasemblers like IDA or Hopper have a plugin for decompiling binaries, generating a c like pseudocode.

Static analysis, is very useful in most of cases, specially when the binary is not so big, or when you just have an address where to start to analyze. But some algorithms will be learned in less time by dynamic analysis like tracing or debugging.

In cookiemonsters team, we are working on several tracers with different focus, but all of them mix the concept of tracing and decompiling to generate human-readable traces.

S2 is my tracer & decompiler plugin for gdb, very useful for ctfs.

Some of the features are:

- signed/unsigned detecion
- conditional pseudocode (if)
- syscall resolution
- unroll bucles
- used registers values
- mem states
- strings
- logging

The code:

https://bitbucket.org/sha0coder/gdb_automatization/

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